Principles of personal development in adult social care settings Essay

Man-made intelligence) Create a guide for the new social consideration specialist about how to think about their training. The guide must incorporate the headings recorded with a clarification of each. As an aspect of our responsibilities job it is imperative to do intelligent practice particularly in light of the fact that we work with helpless grown-ups and our viability will affect them and their consideration. Intelligent practice implies considering and assessing what you do and talking about any progressions which could be made. This implies concentrating on how we associate with partners, administration clients and the earth. It implies pondering how we could have accomplished something in an unexpected way, what we progressed admirably, what we could have improved. How we can improve what you have done. It likewise implies mirroring our own qualities, convictions and encounters which shape our considerations and thoughts. This will permit us to acquire a more clear image of your own conduct and a superior comprehension of our qualities and shortcomings with the goal that we can gain from our own missteps and take suitable future activities. Principles assist social with caring laborers so they work in a similar level as other social consideration laborers. It helps normalized the administration they are giving. By having a norm, they can generally reflect with it and accomplish the equivalent normalized level. You should realize the principles to comprehend what is anticipated from you as a wellbeing and social consideration specialist, and afterward you ought to reflect to guarantee you are satisfying these guidelines. These future the CQC and your code of training which are found in the chiefs office. All codes of training ought to be clung to consistently. see more:explain the significance of intelligent practice in ceaselessly improving the nature of administration Aii) You mastermind a guide meeting to criticism to the social consideration specialist. You have remarks to make which incorporate both acclaim and valuable analysis. It is significant for a social consideration specialist to look for criticism on their exhibition so they can enhance methods of working that they may need to, helping them work in the most ideal way. On the off chance that you don't concur with input in regards to your presentation, converse with a senior individual from staff for guidance. Individuals may respond contrastingly to valuable criticism. Some may not concur and consider the to be as negative, where it is intended to assist them with improving their training. Others acknowledge criticism emphatically and work to improve their work on tuning in to and taking in counsel. A few people may take the criticism however not work to enhance anything so remain at a similar level. It is significant for social consideration laborers to utilize their criticism to improve their training, in their occupations as well as throughout everyday life. Input furnishes a system with which to be an intelligent specialist, this implies perceivin g both the great and terrible in their training and utilizing that information to improve it later on. Without that you stay stale, there is consistently opportunity to get better.

Poetry appreciation of Death of a naturalist Essay -- English Literatu

Verse valuation for Death of a naturalist This sonnet ‘Death of a Naturalist’ via Seamus Heaney is about the lifecycle of frogs and a child’s enthusiasm for nature. As the youngster grows up he looses enthusiasm for all parts of nature. It is as though ‘Death of a Naturalist’ was alluding to the loss of honesty of the youngster and the adoration for nature he once had kicked the bucket inside him. Not just that, he presently has regard for nature however not really despising it; nor cherishing it either. The air of the principal refrain is very positive. An expression, for example, ‘There were monster flies, spotted butterflies,’ proposes a glad state of mind furthermore, alludes to charming recollections to Heaney as a youngster. Word usage, for example, the ‘warm thick slobber’ shows to me the youngster resemblance subject of this sonnet. Which demonstrates that it is from an adult’s viewpoint looking back at his adolescence. Heaney has done this by utilizing the ‘child-like’ jargon just as a progressively perplexing and develop tone to the sonnet. He has done this with the goal that we as the peruser can perceive the distinction of the interest of a kid and an easier clarification of things from an grown-up. For instance as the principal refrain attracts to a nearby we discover that by frogs we can tell the climate ‘For they were yellow in the sun and earthy colored/in rain.’ This is the normal youngster gaining some new useful knowledge in school, and afterward expecting they know everything. From that I get the picture of the youngster telling its mom ‘mum did you know†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ Where as a grown-up would excuse it as only a reality. Continuously refrain the sonnet takes a somewhat dull turn. All the inspiration in the primary refrain has been supplanted with an evil and horrible tone. The start of the verse ‘ Then one hot day†¦fields were rank’ recommends the emotional change in ... ...ts changed and I understood that the sonnet was not about frogs. It was a instance of figuring out the real story. Heaney’s generally speaking message captivated me and asked me to dig more into the subject of ‘loss of innocence’. Which set me on a line of reasoning. One thing specifically that made the sonnet progressively charming for myself was Heaney’s energy for style. The manner by which he focuses on the sound to word imitation in the sonnet is very successful. As I had not recently perused some other of Heaney’s sonnets this quickly drew my consideration. Something else I loved was the pictures he made in my psyche. One of those pictures were (in the second verse); a combat zone where the kid is on one side and the frogs are his resistance and the frogs are attacking the land-like a war situation. Along these lines I would energetically suggest this artist just for Heaney’s exceptional style of composing.

Best Reasons to Learn a Foreign Language

Best Reasons to Learn a Foreign Language Top Benefits of Learning a Foreign Language Home›Education Posts›Top Benefits of Learning a Foreign Language Education PostsThere is an old joke. “How do you name someone who speaks three languages? Trilingual. How do you name someone who speaks two languages? Bilingual. How do you name someone who speaks one language? American.” Sad, but true â€" most Americans do not attempt to learn foreign languages  since English has become a lingua franca. But do people learn languages only because they have to? No, it is so because it has multiple benefits!Why to learn a language: Top reasons1. Develop confidence. Learning a foreign language, you may conquer your fears of meeting new people and traveling to other countries.2. Learn to make better choices. Surprisingly, studies have found out that people who speak foreign languages make better decisions in a more confident way.3. Boost your brainpower. Another study has revealed that students, who learn languages, show better results a t standard tests, compared to their monolingual peers. Moreover, it also affects the grey matter in your brain in a way physical exercises build your muscles.4. Get more from traveling. When you know a foreign language, traveling becomes more than only taking pictures. You can speak to locals, make new friends and get a really unforgettable experience.5. Become a better employee. In our globalized world, most large companies are continuously expanding overseas and require employees who know foreign languages. Therefore, if you know at least one, your chances to get a high-paid job are much higher.6. Study or live abroad. Is there any country, where you would like to live or study? You approach a step closer to realizing this dream, if you learn its language.7. Open your mind. Studies show that knowing a foreign language improves your understanding of yourself and of the world.8. Learn other cultures. Studying a second language, you learn about its culture â€" everything, including a rts, poetry, literature, movies, music, and food. This experience is incredibly enriching.9. Meet new people. When you learn different languages, you increase your circle of friends. Globally.10. Impress people. Imagine yourself with a friend in a fancy restaurant ordering something like Boeuf Bourguignon and perfectly pronouncing this name.Do you like these benefits of learning a second language? Then stop making excuses â€" go ahead and start learning any language you like!

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Elements Of Nature And Culture - 1342 Words

Elements that seem to inherently contradict or oppose one another are often represented both as separate and holistic entities within our environment. For instance, concluding the exact meanings of terms without extensive research or knowledge of them isn’t always the correct conclusion. Throughout this paper, two seemingly separate entities, nature and culture, will be defined both separately and together. Examples will be given that define both nature and culture, and demonstrate how they are both different and related. Nature and culture are not as opposing as one might think, and through analysis of both terms, a new understanding can be reached. Nature, as stated in the slides of January 23rd, is a biophysical entity, meaning that it comprises biotic and abiotic natural substances within the environment. Nature is something which is often thought of as an objective element which is separate from our society. Culture, in opposition, also stated in the slides of January 23rd, is something that is a human made creation. It is a subjective, social entity. In the slides of January 16th, culture is also defined as a learned way of thinking, feeling, and believing. It is something that has been handed down by older generations and is continually remade. Often used in many different places is the comparison of the two terms, â€Å"nature† and â€Å"wilderness†. The two are usually seen together. â€Å"Wilderness† is usually one of the first things one thinksShow MoreRelatedGenesis vs. Iroquois Creation Myth Essay645 Words   |  3 PagesCreation Myth All different cultures have their own creation stories, mostly all containing the elements of a Higher Power of some sort, how the power created the world, and the creation a human man. The Christian belief in the Genesis story has these key elements , as does the Iroquois creation myth, The World on the Turtles Back. 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Asian-AmericanRead MoreCustomer Personality And The Product Selection Process Essay1178 Words   |  5 Pagesrushing to purchase the MS’s products which became so popular in the 1950’s. Culture is defined as the sum of total of learned beliefs, values and customs that serve to direct the consumer behavior of members of the same society. These beliefs and values are mental images that affect a wide range of specific attitudes that influence the ways a person is likely to respond in a specific situation. The effect of culture is so natural that its influence on behavior is usually taken for granted. MarketersRead MoreReligion in Rap Music1550 Words   |  7 Pageship hop culture, a subculture defined by four key stylistic elements: MCing/rapping DJing/scratching, break dancing and graffiti writing. Other elements include sampling (or synthesis), and beatboxing While often used to refer to rapping, â€Å"hip hop† more properly denotes the practice of the entire subculture. 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Kaganapan Sa Pagdating Ni Ferdinan Magellan Free Essays

Age:44 years old Birth Date:June 30, 1966 Birth Place:San Mateo, Rizal Sex:Male Civil Status:Married Spouse: Gemma C. Santos Religion:Roman Catholic Weight:150 lbs Height:5’7† EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND: Elementary:Dulong Bayan Elementary School1973-1978High School:Dona Aurora High School1980-1984 WORKING EXPERIENCES: Company:Guillmore Shoes Position:Material Controller/Shoe Designer Inclusive Dates:February 1996 – August 2000 Job Description:Book record in and out material Distribute all kind material to all employees Position:Construction Laborer Inclusive Dates:October 2000 – January 2001 Job Description:Provide assistance to craft workers, such as carpenters, plasterers, and masons. (Part time) Company:P. We will write a custom essay sample on Kaganapan Sa Pagdating Ni Ferdinan Magellan or any similar topic only for you Order Now M. G. BuildersPosition:Plumber/Mason Inclusive Dates:January 2001 – November 2006 Job Description:install, repair and maintain pipes, fixtures and other plumbing used for water distribution and waste water disposal. Smooth and finish surfaces of poured concrete, such as floors, walks, sidewalks, roads, or curbs using a variety of hand and power tools. Company:Brgy. Burgos Office Position:Liaison Officer Inclusive Dates:January 2006 – Present Job Description:Maintain to all consume Brgy. Expenses, Meralco,PLDT, MWSS, Messenger and collector, Inspection to all business for non-license. SKILLS AND QUALIFICATIONS: Fast learner and can be easily trained Hardworking and Dependable Perform other duties as required CHARACTER REFERENCES: Salvador M. Simbulan Sr. Brgy. Captain Burgos, Rodriguez, Rizal Perfecto S. Sandoval Brgy. Kagawad Burgos, Rodriguez, Rizal I therefore attest that the foregoing information mentioned above is true to the best of my knowledge. RODRIGO M. SANTOS Applicant Signature How to cite Kaganapan Sa Pagdating Ni Ferdinan Magellan, Papers

The Price of Motherhood Why the Most Important Job in the World is Still the Least Valued Essay Sample free essay sample

About the Writer Ann Crittenden is an writer who is known for her ability to show the worlds behind the importance of covering with the most influential blighting the American society at present. The said issues. particularly those that are related to the American household ties have of course intrigued Crittenden on how other states of the same industrialised state of affairs as that of America is. are able to confront the challenges of the said state of affairss that are closely related to that of the state of affairss affecting the societal behaviour of the American communities. Crittenden is besides an writer is able to reply several controversial issues in the American society through going to other adjacent states. Through analyzing their ain state of affairss as that of the American communities. it could be noted that the said writer validates the informations that she contends in her books through the deduction that the solutions are peculiarly societal images of the existent state of affairss being dealt with when the issues are discussed. We will write a custom essay sample on The Price of Motherhood: Why the Most Important Job in the World is Still the Least Valued Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Among the issues that she is fond of discussing is that of the subjects affecting muliebrity and how they are peculiarly noted through the manner that they are treated by the people populating around them. One peculiar authorship is that of the book entitled â€Å"The Price of Motherhood: Why the Most Important Job in the World is Still the Least Valued† . This book and the manner that it is written peculiarly connote the importance of adult females to the society. How? About the Book [ Its Contentss and Summary ] It is true that Americans so acknowledge the importance of adult females in the community as major function participants to the single development of the people within the human society. However. although they intend to value adult females for going the female parents that they are supposed to be. the said society still lack the capableness of wholly demoing importance to the being of adult females. In the book of Ann Crittenden. it has been showed how the different facets of muliebrity really contribute to the capableness of adult females to manage their duties as pillars of personal development to the human society. The 336-paged reading stuff besides gave an overview with respects the existent grounds behind the inability of some adult females to manage their appointed duties to their households and the society. Chiefly. the writer aimed to demo how the instability of life contributes to the adversities of adult females in equilibrating their clip that they are passing with their households. their jobs and their secular occupations. Many adult females try to lodge to their capablenesss to outdo measure their clip to be able to continuously be able to manage their duties as female parents and as pillars of human development among the population in the society. Although the duties of adult females are excessively appointed to them [ as per noted by the balance of gender-based functions in the human society ] . most of them continue to fight merely to be able to confront the universe and their duties to the human population as female parents. The regards given to them are nevertheless measured through the reading to be unequal to really be in balance with the attempts that they are posting for the human society’s betterment as a community of promotion. Chemical reactions about the Reading It is true that female parents are among the most of import forces within the human society. They are noted to hold the capablenesss of equilibrating their clip to be able to equilibrate their activities and duties with their households and the full human society. True. the positions of Ann Crittenden really shows the importance of adult females as persons who have their ain duties while besides holding their ain wants and demands as human persons. However. because of the fact that they are endowed with of import duties as portion of the human society’s development. they normally sacrifice their ain wants merely to go efficient in finishing their duties of female parents. therefore going the chief pillars of human behavioural betterments in the human society. Overall Critique The attack of the writer in showing the facts with respects the treatment hosted through the reading could be noted effectual and important since the usage of factual illustrations draw the deductions of the theories of maternity and adult females intervention in the society to the true state of affairss that adult females of the present epoch demand to confront as major elements of human betterment. The author’s thoughts accompanied with her cogent evidence really made the presentation of the book strong and valid for practical cognition. Thus. for those desiring to understand maternity and all the other obstructions met by adult females under this state of affairs. this reading is so a all right discovery for elucidation of the issues involved in the affair. Mention: Ann Crittenden. ( 2002 ) . The Price of Motherhood: Why the Most Important Job in the World is Still the Least Valued. Owl Books.

The History of Shoes and Footwear

The History of Shoes and Footwear The history of shoes - that is to say, archaeological and paleoanthropological evidence for the earliest use of protective coverings for the human foot - appears to start during the Middle Paleolithic period of approximately 40,000 years ago. The Oldest Shoes The oldest shoes recovered to date are sandals found at several Archaic (~6500-9000 years bp) and a few Paleoindian (~9000-12,000 years bp) sites in the American southwest. Dozens of Archaic period sandals were recovered by Luther Cressman at the Fort Rock site in Oregon, direct-dated ~7500 BP. Fort Rock-style sandals have also been found at sites dated 10,500-9200 cal BP at Cougar Mountain and Catlow Caves. Others include the Chevelon Canyon sandal, direct-dated to 8,300 years ago, and some cordage fragments at the Daisy Cave site in California (8,600 years bp). In Europe, preservation has not been as fortuitous. Within the Upper Paleolithic layers of the cave site of Grotte de Fontanet in France, a footprint apparently shows that the foot had a moccasin-like covering on it. Skeletal remains from the Sunghir Upper Paleolithic sites in Russia (ca 27,500 years bp) appear to have had foot protection. Thats based on the recovery of ivory beads found near the ankle and foot of a burial. A complete shoe was discovered at the Areni-1 Cave in Armenia  and reported in 2010. It was a moccasin-type shoe, lacking a vamp or sole, and it has been dated to ~5500 years BP. Evidence for Shoe Use in Prehistory Earlier evidence for shoe use is based on anatomical changes that may have been created by wearing shoes. Erik Trinkaus has argued that wearing footwear produces physical changes in the toes, and this change is reflected in human feet beginning in the Middle Paleolithic period. Basically, Trinkaus argues that narrow, gracile middle proximal phalanges (toes) compared with fairly robust lower limbs implies localized mechanical insulation from ground reaction forces during heel-off and toe-off. He proposes that footwear was used occasionally by archaic Neanderthal and early modern humans in the Middle Paleolithic, and consistently by early modern humans by the middle Upper Paleolithic. The earliest evidence of this toe morphology noted to date is at the Tianyuan 1 cave site in Fangshan County, China, about 40,000 years ago. Concealed Shoes Historians have noted that shoes seem to have a special significance in some, perhaps many cultures. For example, in 17th and 18th century England, old, worn-out shoes were concealed in the rafters and chimneys of homes. Researchers such as Houlbrook suggest that although the precise nature of the practice is unknown, a concealed shoe may share some properties with other hidden examples of ritual recycling such as secondary burials, or may be a symbol of protection of the home against evil spirits. The time-depth of some particular significance of shoes appears to date from at least the Chalcolithic period: Tell Braks Eye-Temple in Syria included a limestone votive shoe. Houlbrooks article is a good starting point for people investigating this curious issue. Sources See the page on Fort Rock sandals from the University of Oregon for a detailed description of the shoes and a bibliography of site reports.Geib, Phil R. 2000 Sandal types and Archaic prehistory on the Colorado plateau. American Antiquity  65(3):509-524.Houlbrook C. 2013. Ritual, Recycling and Recontextualization: Putting the Concealed Shoe into Context. Cambridge Archaeological Journal 23(01):99-112.Pinhasi R, Gasparian B, Areshian G, Zardaryan D, Smith A, Bar-Oz G, and Higham T. 2010. First Direct Evidence of Chalcolithic Footwear from the Near Eastern Highlands. PLoS ONE 5(6):e10984. Free to downloadTrinkaus, Erik 2005 Anatomical evidence for the antiquity of human footwear use. Journal of Archaeological Science 32(10):1515-1526.Trinkaus, Erik and Hong Shang 2008 Anatomical evidence for the antiquity of human footwear: Tianyuan and Sunghir. Journal of Archaeological Science 35(7):1928-1933.

Factors that determine your success as a kid

Factors that determine your success as a kid 13 Things You Need to Be A Successful Kid! Want to be successful and trying to determine some dependencies, which can make you such a person? Or are you a loving parent and want to make everything possible to bring up a prosperous person? Scientists have made thousands of investigations, directed on the examination of parent and children relations, behavior patterns and other facts. There is no doubt that parents and family environment are the determinants for kid’s further life. Children are absorbing all behavior and emotional patterns, so they are like a mirror of their parents. The scientists prove that even small habits and parent’s actions matter for kid’s success. So the most common things, which are characteristic for successful kids are: Doing chores Scientists prove that children, who are made to do chores, are more organized and disciplined. These children are more successful at school than the kids, who do not perform some kind of household duties. When a kid understands that he/she has the range of certain responsibilities, it is easier for them to adapt for educational or real life environment. Sufficient social skills As follows from the scientific research, one more success factor for kids is represented by the social skills, which they have developed due to their parents. If parents have active social positions and have quite a big circle of contacts, their children have all chances to develop their social skills and have more effective results in the communication. Parents with high expectations If parents feel reliance upon their children and plan their college education or carrier, this will motivate their children. In such a way kids make more efforts and feel more responsibility. Indifferent and not caring parents usually have less successful children with poor number of achievements. Healthy relations with parents When parents and children are friends, children have fewer reasons for deviant behavior.   Healthy relations with parents make children happier and more capable to cope with different situations, always feeling the support of their relatives. Parents with higher educational degree If parents have completed education in higher institution, their kids are more likely to do the same. And higher educational degree correspondingly means more chances for success in professional sphere. Scientists assure that the percentage of successful kids with certified parents is distinctively higher. Learning math from early on It was noticed by the meta-analysts, that children, who have background knowledge of numbers and their order, have better study results further. Besides, kids gain high achievements not only in math, but in other subjects and gain reading and writing skills faster. Warm and developed relationships with parents Thus, relationships with parents are the determinative factors for kids’ lives. That is great when kids ask advices, share their problems and have trust-based communication with their parents. Such kind of relations gives confidence and provides a moral support. Less stress The emotional state of parents is absorbed by their kids. So when parents have less stress situations, it is reflected positively on their children. Less stress gives more emotional strength and effectiveness by reaching different goals within the kid’s life. Effort to avoid failure When kids strive to avoid any sort of failures, using their abilities or making efforts to develop new ones, it is great if parents appreciate this. In such a way their parents create an image of persons who achieve success, no matter what failures and misfortunes are on their paths during lives. Working mom If a child has a mom who spends much time working and earning money he or she generates an example of the person who knows the value of a labor. Also such life conditions provide more time for children to develop independence and more â€Å"adultery† view on life from an early age. Higher socioeconomic status No wonder that the higher socioeconomic status of a person is, the more abilities for his or her children are accessible and there are more ways in life to follow. It is sad that people possess different socioeconomic statuses, but anyway, for those who set their goals and try to realize them, there exist no obstacles that can stop them. Authoritative parents Authoritativeness is best for the children bringing-up process. In such a way they learn from their closest people how to behave in a correct way without letting others do inappropriate things and perform not strict, but right control. Learning ‘grit’ â€Å"Grit† is the ability to achieve the goal on long-lasting terms, and if the children possess such a quality, they can more easily and possibly reach their goals, that they set for themselves. This feature is essential for those who want to bring their dreams into reality, no matter what.

Compensation and Benefits Systems Research Paper

Compensation and Benefits Systems - Research Paper Example It is also a matter of fact that job satisfaction is key to the retention of an employee to his/her current job, particularly in the face of high salary provided in other companies. It is for this reason that the human resource function of many companies considers compensation and benefit systems as its integral part. The move is mainly driven by change in world economy, change in company due to market and legal forces, innovational needs and decisive thinking in order to be able to remain competitive. The type of compensation and benefit system that a company uses for compensating its staff can be valuable in the company’s efforts to gain competitive advantage and be able to achieve its missions and visions. A well organized incentive compensation plan has the effect of giving employees the feeling that the organization they are working for is fair. Employees also need to have a better understanding of their earning potential for them not to see those offered by other compani es as attractive. General Motors, an American company that deals in the manufacture of automobiles is one such company that recognizes the value of compensation and benefits system to its employees. ... According to General Motors’s pay-scale report of December 2010, auto mechanics are projected to earn a mean salary of $18 per hour, assembly-line workers earn $29.49, journeymen electricians earn $31.47, and those doing assembling get $28.97 while millwrights get $30. Locsin cites that General Motors’s employees on salary get compensation worth $79,665 annually for mechanical engineers; $75,505 for industrial engineers, project engineers get a compensation of $83,182; mechanical design engineers getting $79,992; product development engineers being compensated $80,785 while manufacturing engineers getting $78, 683. This form of compensations is meant to motivate the employees in different department for them to increase their effort and remain loyal to the company (Locsin 1). The company also considers the experience that an employee has in compensating its workers. In this regard, an employee who has a lot of experience is being rewarded more compared with those who ha ve not acquired a lot of experience. According to the General Motors Corporation’s pay scale of December 2010, new employees of the company earn $53,500 yearly, while those who have between one to four years of experience pocketing $64,160 (Locsin 1). He also reports that after an employee has worked for between five to nine years, these employees are considered with a reward. In this case, they get $75,043. Those who have served the company for between ten to nineteen years are awarded $82,480 yearly and those with more than twenty years of experience get $94,527. This kind of benefit was introduced as a way of increasing job satisfaction and retaining company’s employees with many years of experience. Locsin notes that compensation at General motors is also affected by an

The Impact of Fast Food Marketing on obesity Research Proposal

The Impact of Fast Food Marketing on obesity - Research Proposal Example From this point it could then be agreed upon by many that television fondness among the present generation towards the next generations is here to stay. In fact, 70% of the viewers of these particular themes are young children from the ages two towards the ages six, who are known to believe whatever they see in the television. They are not that much capable of setting apart the truth from make-believe. Hence, upon seeing the programs that were mentioned above, they are disposed of to beliefs that they are able to become like that of the characters that they see on television. Children as young as they are have no limitations as to what they are supposed to or not believe in (French, 2003, 14). This particular vulnerability among young viewers have been used as an advantage on the part of the advertisers [particularly that of fast food establishments]. According to Business Week magazine, the typical American is exposed to about 3,000 commercial messages each day. How do people react They tune out, either literally or mentally. At best, most people give advertisements only partial attention. (Greenwood, 1990, 43) To overcome viewer apathy, advertisements must grab our attention. Television commercials feature stunning visual effects. They strive to be entertaining, dramatic, funny, puzzling, or emotional. They feature celebrities and lovable cartoon characters. Many use sentiment to hold our attention, perhaps by focusing on cats, puppies, or babies. In this case, food presentations and "kiddie" values are used by advertisers to present the products that they are luring the young ones with. The truth between the relationship of television advertising and... This essay "The Impact of Fast Food Marketing on obesity" outlines how strong television impact could be upon the viewer and how it affects the level of obesity. Most people think that advertising does not really affect their decisions. They think they ignore it and make up their own minds. Money-wise business executives know better. Throughout the world, these men hang their fortunes on tremendous advertising budgets. They build wants and sway our thinking in ways that we may not even realize. Advertising messages strike our eyes and ears from all directions—from newspapers, magazines, television, radio, billboards, buses, subways, taxicabs, river barges, T-shirts, and from other sources too numerous to mention. It has been estimated that Americans encounter as many as 1,600 advertising messages a day. A growing number of nutritionists are accusing fast-food companies of conducting â€Å"a blitzkrieg that perverts children’s eating habits and sets them on a path to obesity,† states an article published in Tokyo’s IHT Asahi Shimbun newspaper. â€Å"Television remains the most powerful medium for selling to children,† says the report, but in addition, food companies are â€Å"finding every imaginable way to put their names in front of children.† Movies, games, Internet sites, arithmetic books, and a wide array of dolls and toys all bear food-company advertising. Why advertise to children? â€Å"It’s the largest market there is,† states Texas A&M marketing professor James McNeal (Greenwood, 1990, 16).

Essay --

In the late eighteenth century, the Industrial Revolution made its debut in Great Britain and subsequently spread across Europe, North America and the rest of the world. These changes stimulated a major transformation in the way of life, and created a modern society that was no longer rooted in agricultural production but in industrial manufacture. Great Britain was able to emerge as the world’s first industrial nation through a combination of numerous factors such as natural resources, inventions, transport systems, and the population surge. It changed the way people worked and lived, and a revolution was started. As stated by Steven Kreis in Lecture 17, â€Å"England proudly proclaimed itself to be the "Workshop of the World," a position that country held until the end of the 19th century when Germany, Japan and United States overtook it.† A major cause for the Industrial Revolution was the enormous spurt of population growth in England. The increase in population meant that there were more people in surplus from agricultural jobs, and they had to find work in industrial factories. Enclosure brought forth a great increase in farming production and profits. Farming was improved through the use of crop rotation, enclosures, and the division on farms across England. Crops that were grown consisted of turnips, barley, clover, wheat. This improvement in farming caused a population explosion, which soon led to a higher demand for goods. The new means of production demanded new kinds of skills, new regulation in work, and a large labor force. The goods produced met immediate consumer demand and also created new demands. In the long run, industrialization raised the standard of living and overcame the poverty that most Europeans, who lived d... ...ndustrialization spread to the United States then across Europe. The BBC website indicates France, by contrast, was home to some of the finest scientific minds, but had an absolute monarchy which wielded great control over economic and political life. In Britain people believed that through industrial production they could create untold wealth - and the government believed that it was its responsibility to make this happen. In conclusion, the Industrial Revolution had profoundly impacted Europe in the 18th century. The Industrial Revolution also had considerable impact upon the nature of work, people, geography, and technology. It significantly changed the daily lives of ordinary men, women, and children. All of these factors came together in the late 18th century to create the unique conditions in England that culminated in the first-ever Industrial Revolution.

Financial Analysis of Axis Bank

CORPORATE FINANCE END TERM PROJECT To study the Financials of ICICI bank, HDFC bank and Axis bank and to conduct Comparative Financial Analysis among them. UNDER THE GUIDANCE: Dr. ASHISH GARG PROGRAM COORDINATOR PGDM (FINANCE) Submitted by:Janmey Patel (202) Nikhil Arora (206) Shashank Mohore (228) Aniket Gupta (229) Parandeep Singh Chawla (231) TABLE OF CONTENTS Overview of Indian Banking Industry4 Types of Commercial Bank4 Public Sector Bank4 Private Sector Bank4 Foreign Bank4 Regional Rural Banks4 Overview of ICICI Bank 5Overview of Axis Bank 5 Overview of HDFC Bank 5 Stock Analysis6 Return & Risk Analysis7 Calculations:7 Terms:7 Risk7 Return7 Risk & Returns Figures8 Covariance & Correlations8 Terms8 Correlation Effect8 Covariance & Correlation Figures8 Portfolio Variance & Standard Deviation9 Portfolio Return Figures9 Portfolio Risk Figures9 Cost of Capital10 Cost of Debt10 Cost of Equity10 Cost of Debt & Equity Figures10 Weighted Average Cost of Capital Calculations11Comparat ive Analysis11 Leverages11 Leverage Figures12 Graphical Representation for Leverages12 P/E Ratio Analysis13 P/E Ratio Figures13 Dividend Policy Analysis13 Dividend Yield and Dividend Payout Ratio14 Conclusions and Inference14 Return14 Risk15 Choice based upon Risk and Return15 Cost of Capital16 Choice Based on Cost of Capital16 PE Ratio Analysis17 Leverage17 Dividend Policy18 Overview of Indian Banking Industry Types of Commercial Bank Public Sector Bank In case of Public Sector banks the major shareholders is Government of India.For example State Bank of India, Punjab National Bank, Bank of India etc. Private Sector Bank In case of Private Sector Banks the major Shareholders are Private Individuals. For example ICICI Bank, Axis Bank, HDFC Bank etc. Foreign Bank In case of Foreign Bank the major Shareholders are the foreign entities. For example Standard Chartered Bank, Citi Bank, HSBC etc. Regional Rural Banks In case of Regional Banks the major shareholders are Central Government, Concerned State Government and Sponsor Bank in the ratio of 50:15:35.For example Andhra Pradesh Grameena Vikas Bank etc. Overview of ICICI Bank ICICI (Industrial Credit and Investment Corporation of India) Bank offers a wide range of banking products and financial services to corporate and retail customers through a variety of delivery channels and through its specialized subsidiaries in the areas of investment banking, life and non-life insurance, venture capital and asset management. ICICI bank is the 2nd largest bank in India by assets and 3rd largest by  market capitalization.Overview of Axis Bank Axis Bank was begun its operations in 1994, after the Government of India allowed new private banks to be established. The Bank was promoted jointly by the Administrator of the specified undertaking of the Unit Trust of India (UTI), Life Insurance Corporation of India (LIC) and General Insurance Corporation of India (GIC) and other four PSU insurance companies, i. e. National Insur ance Company Ltd. , The New India Assurance Company Ltd. , The Oriental Insurance Company Ltd. nd United India Insurance Company Ltd. Overview of HDFC Bank HDFC (Housing Development Finance Corporation Limited) bank was amongst the first to receive an approval from the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) to set up a bank in the private sector, as part of the RBI's liberalization of the Indian Banking Industry in 1994. HDFC Bank is the fifth largest bank in India by assets and the second largest bank by  market capitalization  as of march 31, 2012. Stock AnalysisBankex (Index tracking the performance of leading banking sector stocks) has grown at a compounded annual rate of about 31%. India’s gross domestic product (GDP) growth will make the Indian banking industry the third largest in the world by 2025. In coming years with its assets size poised to touch USD 28,500 billion by the turn of the 2025 from the current asset size of USD 1,350 billion. Return ; Risk Analysis Calculati ons: 1) The daily stock prices for the 3 banks for the duration of 5 years are taken from Nifty. 2) For the daily stock prices of the market we took the figures for 5 years of Nifty Bank. ) Formula for Daily Return Current Stock Price-Previous Stock PricePrevious Stock Prices 4) Average Daily Return is calculated by taking the average of Daily Returns. 5) Formula for Annualized Daily Return (1+Average Daily Return)249 – 1 6) Formula for Beta Covariance(Market, XYZ Bank)Standard DeviationMarket*Standard Deviation(XYZ Bank) 7) Formula for Annualized Standard Deviation (1+Variance(XYZ))249 – 1 8) Formula for Correlation Covariance(X, Y)Standard DeviationX*Standard Deviation(Y) Terms: Risk 1) Risk is the chance that an  investment’s actual  return  will be  different  than expected. 2) Risk  is usually measured by calculating he  standard deviation  of the  historical returns  or  average returns  of a specific investment. 3) A high standard deviations indicates a high degree of risk. Return 1. The gain or loss  of a security in a particular period. 2. The return consists of the  income  and the  capital gains relative  on an  investment. 3. It is usually quoted as a percentage. Risk ; Returns Figures Particulars| ICICI Bank| Axis Bank| HDFC Bank| Average Daily Return | 0. 001| 0. 001| 0. 00031| Standard Deviation | 0. 034| 0. 032| 0. 03393| Covariance (Nifty Bank, X)| 0. 001| 0. 001| 0. 00048| Standard Deviation (Nifty Bank)| 0. 025| 0. 025| 0. 02454| Beta | 1. 53| 1. 077| 0. 80000| Annualised Daily Return | 0. 159| 0. 331| 0. 08| Annualised Standard Deviation | 0. 580| 0. 545| 0. 58| Annualised Standard Deviation (Nifty Bank)| 0. 402| 0. 402| 0. 40| Covariance ; Correlations Terms Correlation Effect 1. Relationship depends on correlation coefficient 2. -1. 0 ; r ; +1. 0 3. The smaller the correlation, the greater the risk reduction potential 4. If r = +1. 0, no risk reduction is possible Covariance ; Corre lation Figures Covariance| ICICI Bank| Axis Bank| HDFC Bank| ICICI Bank| 1. 00000| 0. 00081| 0. 00058| Axis Bank| 0. 00081| 1. 00000| 0. 00052| HDFC Bank| 0. 00058| 0. 0052| 1. 00000| Correlation| ICICI Bank| Axis Bank| HDFC Bank| ICICI Bank| NA| 0. 00255| 0. 00174| Axis Bank| 0. 00255| NA| 0. 00167| HDFC Bank| 0. 00174| 0. 00167| NA| Portfolio Variance ; Standard Deviation Portfolio Return Figures Equal Weight Portfolio Return| Particulars| Return | Weight | Portfolio Return| ICICI | 16| 0. 33| 5. 333| HDFC | 8| 0. 33| 2. 667| AXIS | 33. 07| 0. 33| 11. 023| Total | 19. 023| Portfolio Risk Figures RISK (%) | ICICI | 0. 58| HDFC | 0. 58| AXIS | 0. 55| Portfolio | 0. 3278| Cost of Capital It is the minimum rate of return the suppliers of capital would expect to receive if the capital were invested.Cost of Debt Cost of debt is calculated using the formula: cost of debt kd=interest X (1-t)debt 1) Interest is the amount paid by the company as a interest on the Debt in the current year. I t is taken from the Profit ; Loss statement of the company. 2) Debt is long term debt which we have taken from the Balance Sheet of the Company. 3) The tax rate t is the corporate tax rate and is equal to the 33. 9%. Cost of Equity The Cost of Equity in this case has been calculated with the help of Gordan Dividend Model. Cost of Equity ke=Proposed DividendMarket Price per Share*Number Of Shares+Dividend Growth Rate Cost of Debt ; Equity FiguresParticulars| ICICI Bank| Axis Bank| HDFC Bank| Interest (Interest Expenses)| Rs. 8,50,44,350. 00| Rs. 1,79,32,646. 00| Rs. 2,29,99,060. 00| Total Debt| Rs. 1,40,16,49,073. 00| Rs. 34,07,16,721. 00| Rs. 23,84,65,086. 00| Corporate Tax Rate| 30. 00%| 30. 00%| 30. 00%| Cost of Debt (kd)| 4. 25%| 3. 68%| 6. 75%| Equity Capital| Rs. 1,15,27,683. 00| Rs. 41,32,039. 00| Rs. 46,93,377. 00| Proposed Equity Share Dividend| Rs. 1,90,20,400. 00| Rs. 77,00,725. 00| Rs. 1,17,27,733. 00| Number of Shares| 13565154| 41,32,03,952| 23,36,704| Dividend Growth R ate (g)| 17. 95%| 14. 87%| 30. 06%| Cost of Equity (ke)| 18. 11%| 14. 87%| 31. 02%|Weighted Average Cost of Capital Calculations Comparative Analysis Leverages The leverage analysis consists of: 1) Operational Leverage defined by Degree of Operational Leverage. 2) Financial Leverage defined by Degree of Financial Leverage. 3) Total leverage defined by Degree of Combined Leverage. Operational Leverage (DOL) = % change in EBIT % change in Sales Financial Leverage (DFL) =% change in EPS% change in EBIT Total Leverage (DCL) = % change in EPS% change in Sales = DOL* DFL Leverage Figures Graphical Representation for Leverages P/E Ratio Analysis P/E ratio is calculated using the formula: P/E RATIO=Current market price of share EPSP/E Ratio Figures Dividend Policy Analysis Dividends paid by a firm are measured using one of two measures. 1) Dividend Yield: Which relates the dividend paid to the price of the stock. Dividend Yield=Annual Dividend per Share Market Value per Share 2) Dividend Pa yout Ratio: Relates dividend paid to the earning of the Firms. Dividend Payout Ratio=Dividend Distributed Total Earnings Dividend Yield and Dividend Payout Ratio Particulars| ICICI Bank| Axis Bank| HDFC Bank| Dividend Paid (000's)| Rs. 19,013,434| Rs. 6,697,611| Rs. 7,695,463| Number of shares| 13,565,154| 413,203,952| 2,336,704| Dividend per share| 1. 402| 0. 016| 3. 293|Intrinsic value per share| 890. 2| 1146. 2| 519. 85| Dividend Yield| 0. 157%| 0. 001%| 0. 634%| Earnings (000's)| Rs. 103,860,000| Rs. 74,308,700| Rs. 89,504,000| DP Ratio| 0. 183| 0. 090| 0. 086| Retention Ratio| 0. 817| 0. 910| 0. 914| Conclusions and Inference Return As one can see from the above chart , Axis Bank offers the highest returns per annum at 33% , followed up by ICICI and HDFC Bank at 16% and 8% respectively. It can be safely concluded that Axis Bank is the best option to invest in. Let us now have a look at the Risk analysis before we go any further. Risk The following chart depicts the Risk witness ed by each of the Banks.As one will notice, each of the three Banks i. e. ICICI , Axis and HDFC Bank belong to the same risk class. Risk of ICICI and HDFC Bank is equal at 58%, while that of Axis Bank is little lower at 54%. There is not much to choose between the Banks when it boils down to Risk. Choice based upon Risk and Return Based upon Risk and Return Assessment Axis Bank stands out to be a clear choice. On one hand it offers returns which are twice that of ICICI Bank and four times in comparison to HDFC Bank, on the other hand, its risk is marginally lower than that of the other two Banks, which makes AXIS Bank to be the standout choice.Cost of Capital The Cost of Capital of each Bank is depicted in the following chart: As one can see from the above chart The total cost of Capital for ICICI Bank averages out to be 8. 42%, Whereas Axis Bank has a WACC of 8. 15 % and HDFC bank has its cost of capital in excess of 20%. HDFC Bank needs to substitute its Equity and reserves with m ore of Debt, if it wants to lower down its WACC. Cost of Capital for HDFC Bank is high primarily owing to its huge Cost of Equity which is more than 30%. It needs to substitute more of debt in its Capital Structure if it wants to reduce its hurdle rate.Choice Based on Cost of Capital If one is viewing the affairs og the company based on the Cost of Capital, HDFC gets eliminated without any second thought. It needs to bring down its Cost of Capital if it wants to sustain in the long run. While on the other hand there is not much to choose between ICICI and Axis Bank , as both of them have almost the same hurdle rate close to 8%. PE Ratio Analysis The PE Ratio of ICICI and Axis Bank is very much comparable. ICICI Bank has a PE ratio of around 15 , whereas, the same for Axis Bank Hovers around at 11.One can easily draw a conclusion that investors are willing to pay more for ICICI Bank and also expect a higher growth rate in its earnings in the future. Following Chart depicts the compar ative analysis of ICICI Bank along with HDFC Bank and ICICI Bank. It can be clearly seen that the PE ratio of ICICI Bank and Axis Bank are Comparable. But, the PE Ratio of HDFC exceeds 120. One can safely draw a conclusion that the Market Price of HDFC Bank is highly overpriced compared with the Industry average and one can expect a downfall in its share prices in the near future, because such high level of PE Ratio cannot be sustained in the long run.Leverage The Position of Leverages for each of the Banks depict the same story. Following chart will substantiate it: Each of the Banks has a operating leverage lower than 1 , which implies that EBIT is not increasing in the same proportion as the sales of these Banks. Even the degree of financial leverage and the degree of combined leverage of each of these three Banks is comparable and there is not much to choose from when it comes to leverages. Dividend Policy When it comes to total dividend Paid by the Bank, ICICI Bank exceeds the two other Banks with quite a margin.The following Chart depicts the situation more comprehensively: As one can see from the Chart ICICI Bank is the clear leader when it comes to the amount of dividend paid, while there is not much to choose between Axis Bank and HDFC Bank. Total Amount of Dividend Paid doesn’t show the true picture as , it has not been adjusted for number of shares. In other words , Dividend per share will show the appropriate picture. Following chart will depict the amount of dividend paid by each bank per share.As one can see clearly from the graph above , it is the HDFC Bank which is more liberal while declaring the dividend vis-a-vis ICICI and Axis Bank. HDFC pays dividend in excess of Rs 3 per share. ICICI pays a dividend just exceeding a rupee on a share. While, Axis Bank doesn’t even pay 50 paisa on a share. From Investors point of view who wants a steady flow of Income, HDFC stands out to be the most logical choice of Investment. Such an Invest or should obviously resist and desist from investing any amount of money in AXIS Bank.

Anxiety and Related effects - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1672 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2019/04/01 Category Psychology Essay Level High school Tags: Anxiety Essay Did you like this example? Many people have questioned, hypothesized, and sought to ascertain if anxiety impairs memory. The answers are almost unanimously yes, but there is fluctuation in the severity, type of memory impairment, and noted lasting effects. In this paper I have compiled research from various sources related to the study of anxiety and how it impairs memory by both type and to what degree throughout multiple stages of life and how that affects overall quality of life and functioning. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Anxiety and Related effects" essay for you Create order The research I found oftentimes considered the comorbidity of anxiety with other chronic diseases such as depression and whether or not that came into play with the degree of impairment observed. The research either focused on people ages 9-20 years of age or 18-80 years of age. Frequently it was noted that the impairments occurred only when symptoms were active and the effects were not sustained at other times which is important to know and communicate to people who might fear their memory will be lastingly compromised if they suffer from anxiety and/or other disorders. The confirmation of the existing link between anxiety and cognitive functioning implores that these findings be properly communicated and understood by teachers, individuals, and care-givers so that appropriate treatment, patience, and concern be shown to ensure quality of life. Anxiety and Memory Impairment and Implications for Potential Anxiety is something that affects many people and it affects people of all ages. Since it is prevalent in our society I sought to better understand how this condition positively, negatively, or neutrally impairs the essential function of memory in both children, adolescents, and adults. As I began researching I soon realized that many others before me have wondered the same things as I have regarding the association of memory deficits and anxiety. Study of Anxiety in Children Since we are children before we are adults and our childhood experiences play a role in our adult understanding of the world I started researching anxiety in children first. What I found is that there has not been as much professional research done on the relationship between anxiety in children and memory deficits. As a teacher I also recognize that the ability to better characterize the neuropsychological correlates of these disorders [can] provide insights for novel therapeutic interventions (2007, p.85) which can help all students reach their full learning potential. One group of researchers wondered if there was connection between parents having anxiety disorders and children having memory deficits and could that constitute premorbid risk factors for childhood anxiety disorders (2007, p.86). It had two aims. The first aim was to see if memory deficits were present in all anxiety disorders or not. Along with that they sought to evaluate whether memory deficits are trait cognitive features that occur even when anxiety disorder in inactive or if they exclusively relate to ongoing disorders. The second aim was to see whether or not parental panic disorder (PD) or parental major depressive disorder (MDD) were independently associated with memory deficits in children. Findings and Implications In the one study mentioned previously verbal and visual memory was assessed. Variables such as IQ and time delays were included to allow for more thorough analysis of results. The results showed that verbal memory did not differ between the children with and without anxiety, but visual memory was affected in children with social phobia, but not generalized anxiety disorder. There is evidence however that test anxiety, when extreme, can impair performance on memory test (2007, p. 91) and this could certainly affect children who take state exams and other assessments that greatly influence success in education. It was concluded that parental psychopathology did not directly influence offspring memory performance and that should come as a relief to parents that suffer from PD or MDD. Although the memory deficits identified were not extreme, it is important that any knowledge be shared with parents and teachers so that they may have awareness of associated complications of anxiety and he lp their child or student(s) reach their potential without seemingly invisible hurdles inhibiting them. Anxiety in Adults As I mentioned earlier, anxiety and related effects has been studied quite little in children and the focus has been on anxiety in adults. Psychology Today lists insomnia, tiredness, headaches, muscle tension, irritability, and more as symptoms of anxiety. Clearly people realize that anxiety has a lot of negative and potentially harmful side effects, but being irritable and having trouble remembering things seem to be slightly unequal in significance over the long-term. It has been found that trait anxiety has a negative association with memory performance on tasks such as word recall. Even with depression symptoms, age, gender, and health [ ] all controlled for [as well as] a highly varied sample of people tested (e.g., age range of 18-97, various careers, levels of education, etc.) the negative association remained. However, some people, such as a man named Kizilbash and colleagues (2002) did not find an effect of trait anxiety when he did studies of memory with Vietnam veterans. H owever, they did find that those with co-morbid anxiety and depression had significantly reduced performance. Unfortunately, this study had relatively few participants who were only trait anxious (n = 47) and far more participants with comorbid anxiety and depression (n = 416) which means that there may not have been enough participants to make the effect of trait anxiety alone significant (p. 15 Dellman ). Although overall literature is not in complete in agreement on the relationship between anxiety and memory there have been many studies that confirm the negative association. One person, a thesis student named Bethany Dellman, conducted thorough research that involved three experiments related to anxiety and memory as well as confidence levels. Dellman reported that it was consistently found that the anxious group had poorer memory, lower confidence and/or greater hesitation when evaluating memory decisions (Dellman 53). Another paper focused on the effects of anxiety on something called the shifting function of the central executive. According to Miyake et al. (2000), shifting refers to the ability to switch attention flexibly between tasks or mental sets (see also Monsell, 2003). Evidence exists to show that anxiety affects efficiency costs on tasks that require attentional shifting. In an experiment done by previous researchers, participants were instructed to complete math problems with task-shifting and single-task conditions. Participants solved problems that involved simple addition or subtraction as well as problems that involved both. Findings and Implications The experiments conducted by the Dellman uncovered what she claimed was some interesting new evidence (Dellman 54). She discovered and then confirmed that when participants are given time to evaluate responses through confidence ratings or deciding to change an answer, there is not a processing speed deficit in anxious participants for the recognition response (Dellman 54). Her findings that anxious participants are able to make recognition decisions from long-term memory as quickly as their low-anxious peers can provide relief for people who many worry about their anxiety (Dellman 54). However, an increased hesitation was observed in post-memorial evaluation. Knowing that it seems reasonable that anxious individuals may require greater amounts of time when completing tests as they need more time to reflect on their memory classifications (Dellman 54). College students are young adults that take many tests, and there are plenty of older adults that return to school for further learning or maybe even attempting to change careers or go to higher-level school for the first time. What the Dellman revealed is that while many anxious adults may exhibit normal processing speed for memory responses, perhaps on a test an anxious person would take longer moving from one question to another because they would be evaluating the accuracy of their previous response (Dellman p. 59) and additional time should be allotted to ensure they are provided fair opportunities to show their knowledge. The gathered results from the mental shift experiment indicated that highly anxious individuals were significantly slower to perform the operations in the switching than in the single-task condition, and people with little to no anxiety had response times that were about even across the different types of problems. Since it is clear that anxious people are not as efficient at flexibly shifting mental sets than people with little to no anxiety, it seems logical that these individuals might require additional time to complete certain things both at school and at work as well. It has been found that people with high anxiety are more sensitive to negative appraisal. This knowledge is especially important for parents and teachers to keep in mind when offering constructive criticism to a child or student. Keeping negative comments to a minimum can inadvertently increase memory function by keeping anxiety levels low. Further Study When studying children with and without anxiety disorders IQ also was a significant, positive predictor of visual memory so that need be considered if future research is conducted to be sure it doesnt skew results. It is known that memory declines with age and it is likely that many older adults fear the potential loss of cognitive capabilities or believe their memory has declined perhaps more that it really has. Complainers frequently attribute memory difficulties to their advanced age and worry about the onset of Alzheimers dementia (Foos, Paul W., Educational Gerontology, 03601277, Apr/May97, Vol. 23, Issue 3). Since this anxiety about memory loss could greatly limit enjoyment of final years of life it seems necessary to ascertain in what ways the anxiety can be alleviated. Research done by many others has has yielded A large body of data [confirming] that anxiety is associated with performance deficits in a range of cognitive tasks, including, for example, reading (Calvo Carreir as, 1993), mathematics (Miller Bichsel, 2004), analogical reasoning (Tohill Holyoak, 2000), spatial reasoning (Markham Darke, 1991), grammatical reasoning (Macleod Donnellan, 1993), inferential reasoning (Richards, French, Keogh, Carter, 2000), and on tasks requiring attentional processing (for a review see Eysenck, Derakshan, Santos, Calvo, 2007).(Effects of trait anxiety and situational stress on attentional shifting are buffered by working memory capacity). Since anxiety has such an influence on quality of cognitive functioning it is imperative that further study be done for future learners of all ages.